What Does Vaping Do to Your Lungs? Johns Hopkins Medicine Vaping refers to the act of inhaling and exhaling aerosol, often called vapor, produced by an electronic cigarette or similar device. These devices heat a liquid that usually contains nicotine, flavorings, and Vaping & Lung Health: Comparing with Smoking If you vape, you inhale a lot of harmful substances. These can damage your heart and lungs. Which Smoking Habit Puts You Most at Risk?