Cleveland Clinic researchers have discovered a connection between elevated blood levels of TMAO (trimethylamine N oxide)a byproduct of gut bacteria digestion of nutrients found in red meat and other animal productsand a higher Butyrobetaine Is a Proatherogenic Intermediate in Gut Microbial Metabolism of L Carnitine to TMAO ScienceDirect Decoding TMAO in the Gut Organ Axis: From Biomarkers and Cell Death Me DDDT Dove Medical Press Diet gut microbiota interactions on cardiovascular disease Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal Low Bioavailability and High TMAO Production: Novel Insights Into Acetylcarnitine and Carnitine Metabolism KrimsDavis 2025 Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Wiley Online Library