Although research on cancer risks associated with vaping is still limited, a 2025 systematic review found substantial evidence that e cigarette exposure is associated with biomarkers reflective of cancer disease risk. This includes E cigarettes are likely to cause cancer, including in the lungs and mouth, according to a sweeping review of scientific evidence that challenges their positioning as a safer alternative to smoking. There is Does Vaping Cause Lung Cancer? What We Know (and Still Don't) A new review by researchers at the University of New South Wales has raised fresh concerns about the safety of vaping, linking e cigarettes to early signs associated with lung and oral cancer. , E cigarettes induce toxicological effects that can raise the cancer risk Scientific Reports